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怎样禁止卸载软件

根据使用环境选择如下方法操作:
方法一:组策略法
(一)、点击“开始-->运行”,在运行对话框中键入“GPEDIT.MSC”,回车后打开组策略编辑器。
(二)、依次展开“本地计算机策略-->用户配置-->管理模板-->控制面板-->添加/删除程序”选项,在右侧的窗格有下列选项可供选择,如图1所示:
1.删除“添加/删除程序”程序;
2.隐藏“更改/删除程序”页;
3.隐藏添加新程序页面;
4.隐藏添加/删除Windows组件页面;
5.隐藏“从CD-ROM或软盘中添加程序”选项;
6.隐藏“从Microsoft中添加程序”选项;
7.隐藏“从网络中添加程序”选项;
8.直接打开“组件向导”;
9.删除支持信息;
10.为“添加新程序”指定默认类别。
可以通过修改右侧窗格中的上述策略项来个性化“添加、删除程序”项。双击欲改变策略的某一选项后,弹出该策略的“属性”窗口,将该策略由“未配置”修改为“已启用”,单击“确定”即可启用相应的功能。
方法二:注册表法
1.打开记事本程序,键入以下内容:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
(此处空一行)
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\policies\Uninstall] "NoAddRemovePrograms"=dword:00000001 //禁止使用整个“添加/删除程序”功能
"NoRemovePage"=dword:00000001 //禁止“更改/删除程序”功能
"NoAddPage"=dword:00000001 //禁止“添加新程序”功能
"NoWindowsSetupPage"=dword:00000001 //禁止使用“添加/删除Windows组件”功能
"NoAddFromCDorFloppy"=dword:00000001 //隐藏“从CD-ROM或磁盘中添加程序”选项
"NoADDFromInternet"=dword:00000001 //隐藏“从Microsoft网站中添加程序”选项
"NoAddFromNetwork"=dword:00000001 //隐藏“从局域网中添加程序”选项
"NoSupportInfo"=dword:00000001 //禁用“支持信息”功
"NoServices"=dword:00000001 //直接进入“添加/删除Windows组件”向导
未尾空一行以上空格或是回一下车。录入完毕经检查确认无误后,另存为“DIYContrlpad.reg”。注意:文件名任取,扩展名必须是reg,另外,“//”后是注释,在录入时,不必录入。再就是上述各键值的数值数据取“00000001 ”时,表示禁止或隐藏,你要开启该功能只需将该键值设为“00000000”即可,利用数值数据“0”与“1”的不同就可以自由定制“添加/删除程序”组件的相应功能了。
2.按照要求,定制好上述的注册表文件,双击导入到注册表中。重新启动计算机,使设置生效即可。
方法三:域控制器管理
在AD里为所用需要这种权限的用户建一个组,为这个组建一个组策略,赋予禁止卸载软件的权限。在DC上安装WSUS,在更新时就是普通USER的权限也可以安装更新。

如何禁止使用任务管理器

 

工具/原料

  • 电脑

方法/步骤

  1. 1

    使用windows+R快捷键打开运行窗口,输入命令:gpedit.msc,单击【确定】打开【本地组策略编辑器】

  2. 2

    在本地组策略编辑器中选择【用户配置】

  3. 3

    在用户配置下面选择【管理模板】

  4. 4

    在管理模板下面选择【系统】

  5. 5

    在系统下面选择【Ctrl+Alt+Del选项】

  6. 6

    在右侧窗口中选择【删除“任务管理器”】,右键单击选择【编辑】

  7. 7

    在删除任务管理器对话框中选择【已启用】然后点击【确定】

  8. 8

    这时在任务栏上右键单击打开的列表中【启动任务管理器】已变为灰色不可用

    END

反掩码详解

 反掩码详解

正掩码和反掩码的区别:正掩码必须是连续的,而反掩码可以不连续,例如:C类地址子网掩码中不可以出现255.253.255.0(二进制为11111111 11111101 11111111 00000000)这样的掩码;而反掩码可以出现0.0.0.2(二进制为00000000 00000000 00000000 00000010)。正掩码表示的路由条目,而反掩码表示的范围。

反掩码就是通配符掩码 通过标记01告诉设备应该匹配到哪位。 在反掩码中,相应位为1的地址在比较中忽略,0的必须被检查。IP地址与反掩码都是32位的数 由于跟子网掩码刚好相反,所以也叫反掩码

 例如掩码是255.255.255.0 wildcard-mask(通配符掩码) 就是0.0.0.255 255.255.255.248 反掩就是0.0.0.7

通配符掩码(wildcard-mask)

 

  路由器使用的通配符掩码(或反掩码)与源或目标地址一起来分辨匹配的地址范围,它跟子网掩码刚好相反。它像子网掩码告诉路由器IP地址的哪一位属于网络位一样,通配符掩码告诉路由器为了判断出匹配,它需要检查IP地址中的多少位。这个地址掩码使我们可以只使用两个32位的号码来确定IP地址的范围。这是十分方便的,因为如果没有掩码的话,你不得不对每个匹配的IP客户地址加入一个单独的访问列表语句。这将造成很多额外的输入和路由器大量额外的处理过程。所以地址掩码对相当有用。

在子网掩码中,将掩码的一位设成1表示IP地址对应的位属于网络地址部分。相反,在访问列表中将通配符掩码中的一位设成1表示I P地址中对应的位既可以是1又可以是0。有时,可将其称作“无关”位,因为路由器在判断是否匹配时并不关心它们。掩码位设成0则表示IP地址中相对应的位必须精确匹配。

 

在通配符掩码中,值为0 的八位位组表示网络地址中相应的八位位组必须严格匹配。另一方面,职位255则表示不必关心网络地址中相应的八位位组的匹配情况。网络和通配符掩码1.1.1.1     0.0.0.0的组合将只指定1.1.1.1,而不包含其它地址。

如果你坚持要匹配网络中的某个范围,则网络和通配符掩码1.1.0.0   0.0.255.255的组合将指定一个范围1.1.0.0  ~  1.1.255.255

重点方法:当配置通配符时它们的取值总是块尺寸减去1。例如:/28的块尺寸为16,因此在子网号和一个在需配置的八位位组中添加值为15的统配符(0.0.0.15)。

 

通配符掩码表

 

  CIDR 子网掩码 反掩码

  /30 255.255.255.252    0.0.0.3

  /29 255.255.255.248    0.0.0.7

  /28 255.255.255.240    0.0.0.15

  /27 255.255.255.224    0.0.0.31

  /26 255.255.255.192    0.0.0.63

  /25 255.255.255.128    0.0.0.127

  /24 255.255.255.0       0.0.0.255

  /23 255.255.254.0       0.0.1.255

  /22 255.255.252.0       0.0.3.255

  /21 255.255.248.0       0.0.7.255

  /20 255.255.240.0      0.0.15.255

  /19 255.255.224.0      0.0.31.255

  /18 255.255.192.0      0.0.63.255

  /17 255.255.128.0      0.0.127.255

  /16 255.255.0.0         0.0.255.255

  /15 255.254.0.0         0.1.255.255

  /14 255.252.0.0         0.3.255.255

  /13 255.248.0.0         0.7.255.255

  /12 255.240.0.0         0.15.255.255

  /11 255.224.0.0         0.31.255.255

  /10 255.192.0.0         0.63.255.255

  /9 255.128.0.0          0.127.255.255

  /8 255.0.0.0              0.255.255.255

 

 

十进制通配符掩码 计算方法

 

  用二进制来表示子网掩码值,再用广播地址求其差值,然后再算回十进制。

  即,推出公式:通配符掩码=(255-掩码). (255-掩码). (255-掩码). (255-掩码)

举例一

 

  求子网掩码255.255.255.248通配符掩码(反掩码)

  (1)   把子网掩码255.255.255.248转换成二进制为:

  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000

  通配符掩码值为:广播全1(二进制)地址 减去 子网掩码二制制值,即:

  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000

  得到结果为:

  00000000.00000000.00000000.00000111

  转换为十进制:

  0.0.0.7

  (2)   通配符掩码=(255-掩码). (255-掩码). (255-掩码). (255-掩码),即:

  (255-255).(255-255).(255-255).(255-248)=0.0.0.7

举例二

 

  求子网掩码255.255.128.0通配符掩码(反掩码)

  (1)   把子网掩码255.255.128.0转换成二进制为:

  11111111.11111111.10000000.0000000

  通配符掩码值为:广播全1(二进制)地址 减去 子网掩码二制制值,即:

  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 - 11111111.11111111.10000000.0000000

  得到结果为:

  00000000.00000000.01111111.11111111

  转换为十进制:

  0.0.127.255

  (2)   通配符掩码=(255-掩码). (255-掩码). (255-掩码). (255-掩码),即:

(255-255).(255-255).(255-128).(255-0)=0.0.127.255

 

另附:

反掩码:             掩码位:     正掩码:
127.255.255.255      =    1    =      128.0.0.0
63.255.255.255       =    2    =      192.0.0.0
31.255.255.255       =    3    =      224.0.0.0
15.255.255.255       =    4    =      240.0.0.0
7.255.255.255        =    5    =      248.0.0.0
3.255.255.255        =    6    =      252.0.0.0
1.255.255.255        =    7    =      254.0.0.0
0.255.255.255        =    8    =      255.0.0.0
0.127.255.255        =    9    =      255.128.0.0
0.63.255.255         =    10 =      255.192.0.0
0.31.255.255         =    11 =      255.224.0.0
0.15.255.255         =    12 =      255.240.0.0
0.7.255.255          =    13 =      255.248.0.0
0.3.255.255          =    14 =      255.252.0.0
0.1.255.255          =    15 =      255.254.0.0
0.0.255.255          =    16 =      255.255.0.0
0.0.127.255          =    17 =      255.255.128.0
0.0.63.255           =    18 =      255.255.192.0
0.0.31.255           =    19 =      255.255.224.0
0.0.15.255           =    20 =      255.255.240.0
0.0.7.255            =    21 =      255.255.248.0
0.0.3.255            =    22 =      255.255.252.0
0.0.1.255            =    23 =      255.255.254.0
0.0.0.255            =    24 =      255.255.255.0
0.0.0.127            =    25 =      255.255.255.128
0.0.0.63             =    26 =      255.255.255.192
0.0.0.31             =    27 =      255.255.255.224
0.0.0.15             =    28 =      255.255.255.240
0.0.0.7              =    29 =      255.255.255.248
0.0.0.3              =    30 =      255.255.255.252
0.0.0.1              =    31 =      255.255.255.254
0.0.0.0              =    32 =      255.255.255.255

How to set up your own Mail Server

How to set up your own Mail Server


 

Google, Yahoo, Hotmail …, chances are almost every single one of us have an email account and have used it for work/ communication/ study and much more. Also chances are that we have sent an email to someone across the world, or have received the odd mail from Nigerian princes and the like! But for whatever purpose, and regardless of the distance that the email had to travel, the process works so fast and is so common that very few of us ever stop to think for a second of how it all actually works. In this article we will try to find out and answer the questions of what is a mail server and more interestingly, how to set up your own mail server!

  • What is a Mail Server?

A mail server is a computer system that sends and receives email. In many cases, web servers and mail servers are combined in a single machine. However, large ISPs and public email services (such as Gmail and Hotmail) may use dedicated hardware for sending and receiving email. Every email that is sent passes through a series of mail servers along its way to its intended recipient. Although it may seem like a message is sent instantly, the reality however is that a complex series of transfers takes place. Without this series of mail servers, you would only be able to send emails to people whose email address domains matched your own – i.e., you could only send messages from one example.com account to another example.com account.

But how could you set up your own E-mail server? There are a number of ways, and in this article we will explain the simplest ways to do it on Windows.

  • How to set up your own E-mail Server:
Option A) hMailServer

hMailServer is one of the best free, open-source email servers for Windows which is commonly used by ISPs, governments, educational institutions and more. The advantage is that it also comes with built-in spam control by SpamAssassin and supports a fast and easy download/Installation.

Step 1) Go to hMailServer and go to “download” on top of the page

 

Step 2) Download the latest version

 

Step 3) When you’ve downloaded it, run the Installer. In the below screen, select “Server” only if you want your local computer to work as a server. If you set up a server elsewhere, only select “Administrative tools” to remotely manage that server.

 

Step 4) you will have to set up a password during installation.

Note: Since you will need it every time you launch the application we would highly recommend writing it down somewhere safe.

 

Step 5) once the dashboard is open, enter a new website domain (with SMTP enabled from a hosting provider). After creating the domain, head towards “Protocols” followed by “SMTP.” Here, you must set up the Local host name as “localhost.”

 

Step 6) finally, click the “Accounts” item. Here, you can create an email address for which you need prior access to a top-level domain name and its DNS settings. Basically, every time you send an email, the message first gets stored in hMailServer and is later relayed to the IP address of the DNS.

You can also enable options for auto-reply, forwarding, greylisting, DNS blacklists and more in hMailServer. But, we will reserve these options for the below step. Once your email server has been successfully set up, you will need a client like Thunderbird or Outlook Express to read/write those emails.

Option B) Set up hosted e-mail using Thunderbolt client:

Step 1) Download and install Mozilla Thunderbird. Here, you have to set up an email account. Use the same email ID and password that you would normally use with the web-hosting provider.

 

Step 2) In the next screen, you are going to fine-tune your Thunderbird client settings by clicking “Manual Config”.

At this stage, you must set up your existing email account. The server hostname should be “localhost,” as you previously enabled those settings with hMailServer. As per hMailServer guidelines, use “143” for IMAP port, “993” for IMAP via SSL/TSL and either “465” or “587” for SMTP port.

 

Step 3) you can also change server settings from the Thunderbird account. Once the email address has been configured with the client, you can readily start using your new web host’s email service.

 

Step 4) Use Thunderbird mail client to run as many private email instances on hMailServer as you want. The email server is up and running and configured with the original email.

 

 

Google, Yahoo, Hotmail …, chances are almost every single one of us have an email account and have used it for work/ communication/ study and much more. Also chances are that we have sent an email to someone across the world, or have received the odd mail from Nigerian princes and the like! But for whatever purpose, and regardless of the distance that the email had to travel, the process works so fast and is so common that very few of us ever stop to think for a second of how it all actually works. In this article we will try to find out and answer the questions of what is a mail server and more interestingly, how to set up your own mail server!

  • What is a Mail Server?

A mail server is a computer system that sends and receives email. In many cases, web servers and mail servers are combined in a single machine. However, large ISPs and public email services (such as Gmail and Hotmail) may use dedicated hardware for sending and receiving email. Every email that is sent passes through a series of mail servers along its way to its intended recipient. Although it may seem like a message is sent instantly, the reality however is that a complex series of transfers takes place. Without this series of mail servers, you would only be able to send emails to people whose email address domains matched your own – i.e., you could only send messages from one example.com account to another example.com account.

But how could you set up your own E-mail server? There are a number of ways, and in this article we will explain the simplest ways to do it on Windows.

  • How to set up your own E-mail Server:
Option A) hMailServer

hMailServer is one of the best free, open-source email servers for Windows which is commonly used by ISPs, governments, educational institutions and more. The advantage is that it also comes with built-in spam control by SpamAssassin and supports a fast and easy download/Installation.

Step 1) Go to hMailServer and go to “download” on top of the page

 

Step 2) Download the latest version

 

Step 3) When you’ve downloaded it, run the Installer. In the below screen, select “Server” only if you want your local computer to work as a server. If you set up a server elsewhere, only select “Administrative tools” to remotely manage that server.

 

Step 4) you will have to set up a password during installation.

Note: Since you will need it every time you launch the application we would highly recommend writing it down somewhere safe.

 

Step 5) once the dashboard is open, enter a new website domain (with SMTP enabled from a hosting provider). After creating the domain, head towards “Protocols” followed by “SMTP.” Here, you must set up the Local host name as “localhost.”

 

Step 6) finally, click the “Accounts” item. Here, you can create an email address for which you need prior access to a top-level domain name and its DNS settings. Basically, every time you send an email, the message first gets stored in hMailServer and is later relayed to the IP address of the DNS.

You can also enable options for auto-reply, forwarding, greylisting, DNS blacklists and more in hMailServer. But, we will reserve these options for the below step. Once your email server has been successfully set up, you will need a client like Thunderbird or Outlook Express to read/write those emails.

Option B) Set up hosted e-mail using Thunderbolt client:

Step 1) Download and install Mozilla Thunderbird. Here, you have to set up an email account. Use the same email ID and password that you would normally use with the web-hosting provider.

 

Step 2) In the next screen, you are going to fine-tune your Thunderbird client settings by clicking “Manual Config”.

At this stage, you must set up your existing email account. The server hostname should be “localhost,” as you previously enabled those settings with hMailServer. As per hMailServer guidelines, use “143” for IMAP port, “993” for IMAP via SSL/TSL and either “465” or “587” for SMTP port.

 

Step 3) you can also change server settings from the Thunderbird account. Once the email address has been configured with the client, you can readily start using your new web host’s email service.

 

Step 4) Use Thunderbird mail client to run as many private email instances on hMailServer as you want. The email server is up and running and configured with the original email.

 

 
 

 

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